Rhizobial taxonomy up-to-date
This page provides information on the current taxonomic status of validly published alpha- and beta-rhizobial/agrobacterial species, organized by classes and genera. With the exception of Agrobacterium and other "classic" rhizobial genera, only species capable of eliciting nodules on legumes are listed here, not endophytes cohabiting nodules with rhizobia.
Important notes:
1. Each validated species name is linked to the corresponding entry in J.P. Euzéby's "List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature", which displays the full details of its taxonomic status, references to key taxonomic papers and a link to the 16S rRNA gene sequence entry in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ of its type strain. Starting in August 2012, the validly published taxa in "classic alpha-rhizobial" genera, including Agrobacterium, are updated on a monthly schedule using a semi-automatic procedure, in coordination with the corresponding new issue release of the Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (IJSEM) journal.
2. Novel rhizobial species published ahead of press in the IJSEM and other respected microbiological journals, which are therefore not yet validated species, are listed in chronological order of appearance in PUBMED. They are shown after the list of validated taxa of the corresponding genus. These taxa and publications are retrieved using an automated PUBMED search which runs on a on a weekly schedule. The list is updated each time that new hits are found. Since the latter is a text-based query of the PUBMED DB, some publications may not be retrieved. If it happens to be yours, please don't hesitate to contact the site's maintainer to ensure that it is included in the list.
1) Alpha proteobacterial genera and species containing legume-nodulating strains (Note, not all species in this list are symbiotic. For example, none of the agrobacteria is a symbiotic N2-fixer. They have been included in the list for taxonomic completeness).
- Agrobacterium (Rhizobium);
- Agrobacterium atlanticum Rüger and Höfle 1992, sp. nov.# Agrobacterium ---> Ruegeria atlantica (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino et al. 1999, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium ferrugineum (ex Ahrens and Rheinheimer 1967) Rüger and Höfle 1992, sp. nov., nom. rev.# Agrobacterium ---> Pseudorhodobacter ferrugineus (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino et al. 2003, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium gelatinovorum (ex Ahrens 1968) Rüger and Höfle 1992, sp. nov., nom. rev.# Agrobacterium ---> Ruegeria gelatinovorans corrig. (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino et al. 1999, comb. nov. # Agrobacterium ---> Thalassobius gelatinovorus (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Arahal et al. 2006, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium larrymoorei Bouzar and Jones 2001, sp. nov.# Agrobacterium ---> Rhizobium larrymoorei (Bouzar and Jones 2001) Young 2004, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium meteori Rüger and Höfle 1992, sp. nov.# Agrobacterium ---> Agrobacterium atlanticum Rüger and Höfle 1992.
- Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942, species.# Agrobacterium ---> Rhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn 1942, species.# Agrobacterium ---> Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium rubi (Hildebrand 1940) Starr and Weiss 1943, species.# Agrobacterium ---> Rhizobium rubi (Hildebrand 1940) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium stellulatum (ex Stapp and Knösel 1954) Rüger and Höfle 1992, sp. nov., nom. rev.# Agrobacterium ---> Stappia stellulata (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino et al. 1999, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942, species. (Type species of the genus).# Agrobacterium ---> Rhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Agrobacterium vitis Ophel and Kerr 1990, sp. nov.# Agrobacterium ---> Rhizobium vitis (Ophel and Kerr 1990) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Allorhizobium
- Allorhizobium undicola de Lajudie et al. 1998 # Allorhizobium ---> Rhizobium undicola (de Lajudie et al. 1998) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Aminobacter
- Aminobacter anthyllidis Mainaud et al. 2012, sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2012 Mar;35(2):65-72. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
- Azorhizobium
- Azorhizobium caulinodans Dreyfus et al. 1988, sp. nov. (Type species of the genus).
- Azorhizobium doebereinerae Moreira et al. 2006, sp. nov.
- Lang E, Schumann P, Adler S, Spröer C, Sahin N. Description of Azorhizobium oxalatiphilum sp. nov. and emendation of the description of the genus Azorhizobium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Aug 10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22888185.
- Bradyrhizobium
- Bradyrhizobium betae Rivas et al. 2004, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium canariense Vinuesa et al. 2005, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium cytisi Chahbourne et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium denitrificans (Hirsch and Müller 1986) van Berkum et al. 2011, comb. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium elkanii Kuykendall et al. 1993, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium huanghuaihaiense Zhang et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium iriomotense Islam et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner 1896) Jordan 1982, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).
- Bradyrhizobium jicamae Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium lablabi Chang et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium liaoningense Xu et al. 1995, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense Yao et al. 2002, sp. nov.
- Bradyrhizobium daqingense sp. nov. Wang JY et al. 2012 Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Apr 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22544787.
- Chahboune R, Carro L, Peix A, Ramírez-Bahena MH, Barrijal S, Velázquez E, Bedmar EJ. Bradyrhizobium rifense sp. nov. isolated from effective nodules of
Cytisus villosus grown in the Moroccan Rif. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2012 Jul;35(5):302-5. Epub 2012 Jul 15. PubMed PMID: 22795906 - Wang R, Chang YL, Zheng WT, Zhang D, Zhang XX, Sui XH, Wang ET, Hu JQ, Zhang LY, Chen WX. Bradyrhizobium arachidis sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Arachis hypogaea grown in China. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2013 Jan 4. doi:pii: S0723-2020(12)00160-9. 10.1016/j.syapm.2012.10.009. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23295123.
- Devosia
- D. neptuniae
- Bosea lupini sp. nov., Bosea lathyri sp. nov., and Bosea robiniae sp. nov. -- De Meyer and Willems 2001. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2011 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print]
- Ensifer
- Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982, sp. nov. (Type species of the genus).
- Ensifer arboris (Nick et al. 1999) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer garamanticus Merabet et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- Ensifer kostiensis (Nick et al. 1999) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer kummerowiae (Wei et al. 2002) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer medicae (Rome et al. 1996) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer meliloti (Dangeard 1926) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer mexicanus Lloret et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Ensifer numidicus Merabet et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- Ensifer saheli (De Lajudie et al. 1994) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer sojae Li et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Ensifer terangae (De Lajudie et al. 1994) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Ensifer xinjiangensis (Chen et al. 1988) Young 2003, comb. nov.# Ensifer ---> Ensifer fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Young 2003.
- Mesorhizobium
- Mesorhizobium albiziae Wang et al. 2007, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium alhagi Chen et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium amorphae Wang et al. 1999, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium australicum Nandasena et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium camelthorni Chen et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium caraganae Guan et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium chacoense Velázquez et al. 2001, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium ciceri (Nour et al. 1994) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Mesorhizobium gobiense Han et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium huakuii (Chen et al. 1991) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Mesorhizobium loti (Jarvis et al. 1982) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).
- Mesorhizobium mediterraneum (Nour et al. 1995) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Mesorhizobium metallidurans Vidal et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium muleiense Zhang et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium opportunistum Nandasena et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium plurifarium de Lajudie et al. 1998, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium robiniae Zhou et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium septentrionale Gao et al. 2004, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium shangrilense Lu et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium silamurunense Zhao et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium tarimense Han et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium temperatum Gao et al. 2004, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum Ghosh and Roy 2006, sp. nov.
- Mesorhizobium tianshanense (Chen et al. 1995) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Ramírez-Bahena MH, Hernández M, Peix A, Velázquez E, León-Barrios M. Mesorhizobial strains nodulating Anagyris latifolia and Lotus berthelotii in Tamadaya ravine (Tenerife, Canary Islands) are two symbiovars of the same species, Mesorhizobium tamadayense sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2012 Jul;35(5):334-41. Epub 2012 Jun 29. PubMed PMID: 22749782.
- Zhang JJ, Liu TY, Chen WF, Wang ET, Sui XH, Zhang XX, Li Y, Li Y, Chen WX. Mesorhizobium muleiense sp. nov., nodulating with Cicer arietinum L. in Xinjiang,
China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22228663. - Degefu T, Wolde-Meskel E, Liu B, Cleenwerck I, Willems A, Frostegård A. Mesorhizobium shonense sp. nov., Mesorhizobium hawassense sp. nov. and Mesorhizobium abyssinicae sp. nov. isolated from root nodules of different agroforestry legume trees growing in southern Ethiopia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22941297.
- Zheng WT, Li Y Jr, Wang R, Sui XH, Zhang XX, Zhang JJ, Wang ET, Chen WX. Mesorhizobium qingshengii sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Astragalus sinicus grown in the Southeast of China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23041644.
- Zhou S, Li Q, Jiang H, Lindström K, Zhang X. Mesorhizobium sangaii sp. nov., isolated from the root nodules of Astragalus luteolus and Astragalus ernestii. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2013 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23315406.
- Methylobacterium
- M. nodulans
- Microvirga
- Microvirga lotononidis Ardley et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Microvirga lupini Ardley et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Microvirga zambiensis Ardley et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Ochrobactrum
- O. lupini
- O. cytisi
- Phyllobacterium
- P. trifolii
- Rhizobium
- Rhizobium aggregatum (Hirsch and Müller 1986) Kaur et al. 2011, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium alkalisoli Lu et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium borbori Zhang et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium ciceri Nour et al. 1994, sp. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Mesorhizobium ciceri (Nour et al. 1994) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium daejeonense Quan et al. 2005, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium fabae Tian et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium fredii Scholla and Elkan 1984, sp. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Sinorhizobium fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Chen et al. 1988, comb. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Sinorhizobium fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Chen et al. 1988 emend. De Lajudie et al. 1994.# Rhizobium ---> Ensifer fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium galegae Lindström 1989, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium giardinii Amarger et al. 1997, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium halophytocola Bibi et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium herbae Ren et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium huakuii Chen et al. 1991, sp. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Mesorhizobium huakuii (Chen et al. 1991) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium huautlense Wang et al. 1998, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium japonicum (Kirchner 1896) Buchanan 1926, species.# Rhizobium ---> Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner 1896) Jordan 1982, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium larrymoorei (Bouzar and Jones 2001) Young 2004, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889, species. (Type species of the genus).
- Rhizobium leucaenae Ribeiro et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium loessense Wei et al. 2003, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium loti Jarvis et al. 1982, sp. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Mesorhizobium loti (Jarvis et al. 1982) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium lupini (Schroeter 1886) Eckhardt et al. 1931, species.
- Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium mediterraneum Nour et al. 1995, sp. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Mesorhizobium mediterraneum (Nour et al. 1995) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium meliloti Dangeard 1926, species.# Rhizobium ---> Sinorhizobium meliloti (Dangeard 1926) De Lajudie et al. 1994, comb. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Ensifer meliloti (Dangeard 1926) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium mongolense Van Berkum et al. 1998, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium oryzae Peng et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium petrolearium Zhang et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926, species.
- Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium pseudoryzae Zhang et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium pusense Panday et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium rosettiformans Kaur et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium rubi (Hildebrand 1940) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium selenitireducens corrig. Hunter et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium skierniewicense Puławska et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium taibaishanense Yao et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium tianshanense Chen et al. 1995, sp. nov.# Rhizobium ---> Mesorhizobium tianshanense (Chen et al. 1995) Jarvis et al. 1997, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard 1926, species.# Rhizobium ---> Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980).
- Rhizobium sphaerophysae Xu et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium grahamii López-López et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium mesoamericanum López-López et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium nepotum Pulawska et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium undicola (de Lajudie et al. 1998) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium vallis Wang et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium vignae Ren et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- Rhizobium vitis (Ophel and Kerr 1990) Young et al. 2001, comb. nov.
- Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001, sp. nov.
- Kaiya S, Rubaba O, Yoshida N, Yamada T, Hiraishi A. Characterization of Rhizobium naphthalenivorans sp. nov. with special emphasis on aromatic compound degradation and multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2012;58(3):211-24. PubMed PMID: 22878739
- Ramana CV, Parag B, Girija KR, Ram BR, Venkata Ramana V, Sasikala C. Rhizobium subbaraonis sp. nov. an endolithic bacterium isolated from beach sand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Apr 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22544781. Note: not symbiotic.
- Wen Y, Zhang J, Yan Q, Li S, Hong Q. Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum sp. nov., a novel phenanthrene-degrading bacterium isolated from a petroleum residue treatment system. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2011;57(6):319-29. PubMed PMID: 22353737.
- Qin W, Deng ZS, Xu L, Wang NN, Wei GH. Rhizobium helanshanense sp. nov., a bacterium that nodulates Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. in China. Arch Microbiol. 2012 May;194(5):371-8. doi: 10.1007/s00203-011-0766-x. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 22065311.
- Liu TY, Li Y Jr, Liu XX, Sui XH, Zhang XX, Wang ET, Chen WX, Chen WF, Puławska J. Rhizobium cauense sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of the herbaceous legume Kummerowia stipulacea grown in campus lawn soil. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2012 Oct 12. pii: S0723-2020(12)00112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2012.08.006. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23068605.
- Turdahon M, Osman G, Hamdun M, Yusuf K, Abdurehim Z, Abaydulla G, Abdukerim M, Fang C, Rahman E. Rhizobium tarimense sp. nov. isolated from soil in the ancient Khiyik river of Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print]. PubMed PMID: 23203621.
- Xu L, Zhang Y, Deng ZS, Zhao L, Wei XL, Wei GH. Rhizobium qilianshanense sp. nov., a novel species isolated from root nodule of Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge in China. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2012 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23142858.
- Sinorhizobium (Ensifer)
- Sinorhizobium americanum corrig. Toledo et al. 2004, sp. nov.
- Sinorhizobium arboris Nick et al. 1999, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer arboris (Nick et al. 1999) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Sinorhizobium fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Chen et al. 1988, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).# Sinorhizobium ---> Rhizobium fredii Scholla and Elkan 1984.
- Sinorhizobium kostiense Nick et al. 1999, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer kostiensis (Nick et al. 1999) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Sinorhizobium kummerowiae Wei et al. 2002, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer kummerowiae (Wei et al. 2002) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Sinorhizobium medicae Rome et al. 1996, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer medicae (Rome et al. 1996) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Sinorhizobium meliloti (Dangeard 1926) De Lajudie et al. 1994, comb. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer meliloti (Dangeard 1926) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Sinorhizobium morelense Wang et al. 2002, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982.
- Sinorhizobium saheli De Lajudie et al. 1994, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer saheli (De Lajudie et al. 1994) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Sinorhizobium terangae corrig. De Lajudie et al. 1994, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer terangae (De Lajudie et al. 1994) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Sinorhizobium xinjiangense corrig. Chen et al. 1988, sp. nov.# Sinorhizobium ---> Ensifer xinjiangensis (Chen et al. 1988) Young 2003, comb. nov.
- Burkholderia
- B. caribensis
- B. contaminans
- B. fungorum
- B. lata
- B. mimosarum
- B. nodosa
- B. phymatum
- B. sabiae
- Burkholderia symbiotica Sheu et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- B. tuberum
- Sheu SY, Chou JH, Bontemps C, Elliott GN, Gross E, Dos Reis Junior FB, Melkonian R, Moulin L, James EK, Sprent JI, Young JP, Chen WM. Burkholderia diazotrophica sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Mimosa spp. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22467155.
- Cupriavidus
- C. taiwanensis
- C. necator
2) Beta proteobacterial genera and species containing legume-nodulating strains
3) Disputed generic taxa